What is the European Data Act? The Regulation on harmonized rules on fair access to and use of data — known simply as the European Data Act — entered into force on 12 September 2025. This legislation grants individuals and businesses the right to access data generated...
Diverse Perpectives by Berna Özer

Berna Özer
Lawyer, Dispute Resolution Expert, IMI certified Mediator
Expert Mediator in Construction Law, Consumer Law, Labor Law.
Researcher and Observer on Climate Law, Green Economy and Sustainability in Smart Cities
Carbon Exchange: A New Market Model
The Kyoto Protocol is the only international framework aimed at combating global warming and climate change. Signed under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, this protocol obliges the signatory countries to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and...
The Duty of the Visionary Pharmaceutical İndustry: Ethical Principles / Green Transformation
The world of medicine and pharmaceuticals has been enriched by remarkable scientific developments. However, the pharmaceutical industry is faced with two fundamental challenges: not only producing innovation, but also adhering to ethical principles and environmental...
Should we fear the Climate Law? or is it out savior?
Why Do We Need the Climate Law? What Are the Misconceptions? What Are the Disadvantages of the Climate Law? What Path Should Be Followed? What Path Is Being Followed in the EU? Final Thoughts Why do we need climate legislation? Climate change occurs as a result...
Mediation in Climate Justice
A New Concept Introduced by the Paris Agreement What Is the Paris Climate Agreement and What Does It Encompass? The Paris Climate Agreement is an international treaty that continues the process initiated by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,...
What is Carbon Regulation at the Border?
The EU's “Green Deal” or “Green Transition,” and the US's “Green New Deal,” the European Commission published the European Green Deal (EGD) in December 2019, aiming to make Europe climate neutral by 2050 and to decouple economic growth from resource use, thereby...
Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD)
Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD) Large companies in the EU that meet certain conditions are required to disclose certain information about their environmental, social, and governance activities to the public starting in 2018. The reports, which cover five key...
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS; GOAL 11
When we look at world history, we see that by the end of the 18th century, the Industrial Revolution had brought about a dominant perception of “speed” and “size.” This perception has increasingly revealed humanity's insatiability and impatience, failing to bring...
Green Economy
Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns. These changes occur naturally. In addition to natural causes, the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have increased due to anthropogenic, or human-induced, activities. Since the...








